Immunotherapy-induced thyroid dysfunction: an updated review

Abstract Immunotherapy medicines (immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs) that work directly on the immune system have shown vastly increased survival for people with cancer in phases 2 and 3 clinical studies during past few years. Nevertheless, ICI treatment (irAEs) may trigger immune-related adverse effects. An underactive thyroid is among most frequent endocrine irAE, affecting about 40% of individuals who received ICIs. Our review aims to collect organize recent data immunotherapy-induced dysfunction patients, including its prevalence, diagnostic criteria, options summarize those findings a comprehensive article. The incidence irAEs varies depending type regimen. Thyroid ultrasound, radioactive uptake scan, PET CT scan can aid diagnosing dysfunction. necessitates collaboration between specialists oncology, endocrinology, primary care multidisciplinary team discussion. prognosis patients suffered from while ICIs reasonably good. Suboptimal baseline function was linked decreased overall (OS) ICI-treated but initiating replacement hormonal therapy after initiation associated enhanced OS. More research required identify these links mechanisms action.